823 Pope Paschal I crowns Lothar I Co-Emperor of the HRE

1242 Battle of the Neva/Battle on the Ice: Prince Alexander of Novgorod defeats the Teutonic Knights

1614 Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe

1654 Treaty of Westminster: First Anglo-Dutch War ends (1652-54)

1762 British capture Grenada from French

1799 Battle of Magnano: Austrians defeat the French

1811 Battle of Barrosa: English defeat the French

1812 British take Badajoz, Spain, from the French by storm

1818 Battle of Maipu: Jose de San Martin, Bernardo O'Higgins, the Chilean patriots inflict a decisive defeat on the Spanish

1861 U.S. troops abandon Ft Quitman, Tx

1881 Transvaal regains independence from Britain

1887 Lord Acton writes, "Power tends to corrupt, absolute power corrupts absolutely."

1896 Athens: 1st modern Olympic Games begin

1915 French begin Woevre offensive

1916 Battle of El Hanna: Unsuccessful British attempt to break the Turkish siege of Kut

1939 Germany: "Aryan" youth ordered to join the Hitlerjugend

1942 Bataan: Japanese troops capture Mt. Samat

1942 Ceylon: Japanese carrier a/c attack Colombo, other towns, and shipping, inflict heavy damage, and sink HM Heavy Cruisers 'Cornwall' & 'Dorsetshire'

1943 Burma: Br 6th Bde HQ is overrun by advancing Japanese in the Arakan

1943 Poon Lim (1917-1991) lands near Belem, Brazil, ending 133 days in a lifeboat in the Atlantic after the 'Ben Lomond' was torpedoed, setting a record for survival at sea

1945 Japanese cabinet resigns.

1950 Prague espionage trial against bishops & priests begins

1951 Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, atomic spies, sentenced to death

1955 Winston Churchill resigns as British PM, succeeded by Anthony Eden

1962 NASA civilian pilot Neil A Armstrong takes X-15 to 54,600m

1986 Berlin: two US servicemen & a Turkish woman die in a terrorist bombing

1991 Iraq: the US begins relief airdrops to Kurds in the north