395 BC Roman rite of the "Supplicia canum" -- crucifixion of dogs in punishment for failing to alert the garrison of a Gallic attack

9 Tiberius defeats the Pannonian Pirustae & Desidiates

1108 Louis VI "the Fat" or "the Great" is crowned King of France (1108-1137)

1460 Scots capture & raze Roseburgh.

1492 Columbus sails from Palos on the most momentous voyage in history

1529 Treaty of Cambrai ("The Lady's Peace"): Francis I accepts Spanish domination of Italy, temporarily

1530 The Medici return to Florence

1601 Battle of Guruslau: Michael the Brave's Imperial-Romanian forces defeat the Poles

1644 First Battle of Freiburg: the French defeat the Bavarians

1645 Battle of Allersheim: the French defeat the Bavarians

1692 Battle of Steenkerken: the French defeat the English & Germans

1704 Gibraltar falls to an Anglo-Dutch expedition after a three-day siege

1758 Naval Battle of Negapatam: English defeat the French off India

1796 Battle of Lonato: The French defeat the Austrians

1797 Bohemia: Emperor Francis I permits Jewish veterans to marry non-Jews

1804 USN squadron bombards Tripoli

1812 US Frigate 'Essex' captures the British brig 'Brothers'

1848 Battle of Milan: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese

1849 The "Roman Republic" surrenders to the French

1861 First manned balloon ascent from a ship, USS 'Fanny', Hampton Roads

1861 U.S. Navy authorizes three ironclads: 'Monitor', 'Galena', & 'New Ironsides'

1914 Germany declares war on France.

1915 Second Battle of the Isonzo ends (from July 18)

1917 N.Y. Guard is activated for duty on the home front in WW I

1919 Romanians capture Budapest, to oust the "Hungarian Soviet Socialist Republic"

1940 Italian troops invaded British Somaliland

1940 Lithuania is annexed by the USSR

1942 Japanese Army begins forming armored divisions in Manchuria.

1942 Mildred McAffee becomes the first woman officer in the Naval Reserve.

1943 New Georgia: Fijian and Solomons troops join US forces.

1943 Patton slaps Pvt Charles H. Kuhl, 1st Infantry Division, at the 15th Evac Hospital, near Nicosia, Sicily

1944 Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4,000 Gypsies murdered

1944 Burma: Allied troops conquer Myitkyina, reopening the Burma Road

1958 "Nautilus 90 North", US submarine 'Nautilus' (SS 571) passes under the ice at the North Pole

1990 US announces a commitment of naval forces to the Persian Gulf