45 BC Caesar captures Ategua, Hispania

197 Battle of Lugdunum: Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats his some-time partner Clodius Albinus, to secure domination of the Empire

356 Roman Emperor Constantius II orders the closing of all pagan temples.

607 Consecration of Pope Boniface III (Feb 19- Nov 12, 607)

842 Council of Constantinople: Restores the veneration of icons

1408 Battle of Bramham Moor: The Sheriff of Yorkshire defeats the Earl of Northumberland & Thomas Bardolf

1512 The French under Gaston de Foix storm Brescia amid a great slaughter

1539 Jews expelled from Tyrnau, Hungary

1574 Spanish troops plunder Krommenie, Wormerveer, & Jisp, the Netherlands

1634 Battle of Smolensk: Wladyslaw IV of Poland defeats the Russians

1648 First Battle of Guararapes: The Portuguese defeat the Dutch in northeastern Brazil

1649 Second Battle of Guararapes: The Porgtuese end Dutch attempts to colonize northeastern Brazil

1674 Treaty of Westminster: Ends Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-1674).

1695 Inconclusive Venetian-Turkish naval action off Chios

1700 Denmark adopts the Gregorian calendar, 118 years after Catholic Europe

1797 The French Republic annexes Avignon from the Papal States

1807 A British squadron under Adm Duckworth forces the Dardanelles

1814 USS 'Constitution' captures British brig 'Catherine'

1822 Horatia, daughter of Lord Nelson & Lady Hamilton, marries Rev Philip Ward

1854 McSorley's Ale House opens in NYC

1859 Dan Sickles is acquitted of murdering Barton Key, who had seduced his wife, the first use of the "temporary insanity" plea in American jurisprudence

1861 Tsar Alexander II abolishes serfdom

1868 The Brazilian fleet runs the Paraguayan batteries at Humaita on the Parana River

1915 First British attempt to force the Dardanelles: A feeble probe alerts the Turks to the weakness of their defenses

1919 Premier Georges Clemenceau of France is wounded during an assassination attempt by the anarchist Cottin

1933 Minister-President Goring of Prussia bans all Catholic newspapers

1934 US Army Air Corps begins airmail deliveries (for 6 months)

1936 A Popular Front government installed in Spain

1937 An unsuccessful assassination attempt against Governor-General Rodolfo Graziani leads to widespread massacres of Ethiopians by Italian forces

1941 Amsterdam: Nazis round up 429 young Jews for deportation

1942 Battle of Badung Str: the Allied ABDA squadron loses the Dutch DD 'Piet Hein' to an inferior Japanese task group

1942 FDR orders the internment of Japanese-Americans on the West Coast

1942 Japanese Vice-Adm Nagumo's aircraft raid Darwin, NW Australia, inflicting heavy casualties

1942 Japanese troops land on Bali.

1942 Major Japanese air attack on Darwin, Australia

1943 Battle of Kasserine Pass: Rommel's panzers hit US troops hard

1943 US Naval forces under MacArthur are designated the Seventh Fleet

1944 Fighting continues on Engebi and Eniwetok atoll, the Marshall Islands.

1945 US Marines land on Iwo Jima